The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra is a major American orchestra, located in Baltimore, Maryland. Its vast repertoire contains music from all eras, including new and commissioned works. It was formed in 1916 as a branch of the municipal government, and Gustav Strube served as the music director until 1930. There was also an orchestra of the same name that existed from 1890 to 1899 under the direction of Ross Jungnickel. In 1942 Reginald Stewart became the director of the BSO and re-formed the ensemble into a private entity. Additionally, as the director of the Peabody Conservatory, he attracted some of the best musicians to the orchestra by offering an additional teaching position at the conservatory. This partnership was modeled after Mendelssohn’s similar handling of the Leipzig Conservatory and the Gewandhaus Orchestra, and it remains in effect. In his years as director, Stewart increased the size of the orchestra to 90 musicians, and he expanded its performance schedule and repertoire. Financial shortcomings led to Stewart’s resignation in 1952, and he was succeeded by Massimo Freccia. Freccia attracted audiences with his thoughtful and innovative programming which included large-scale works, and concert versions of operas. The ensemble underwent another large transformation in 1968 when Sergiu Comissiona was appointed music director by Joseph Meyerhoff, the president of the Symphony Orchestra Organization. Comissiona led the orchestra on its first international tours, and they produced several recordings. Under Comissiona’s leadership, the BSO became one of the top orchestras in the United States. Meyerhoff also funded the construction of the Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, which was completed in 1982. David Zinman was appointed music director in 1985, and under his baton the BSO made several Grammy award-winning recordings, and they toured widely until Zinman resigned in 1998. Yuri Temirkanov conducted from then until 2006, followed by Marin Alsop beginning in 2007. Alsop became the first woman to become appointed music director of a major orchestra in the U.S. It was also around this time when the Music Center at Strathmore was opened, as an additional performance venue for the orchestra. Throughout Alsop’s tenure, the BSO toured regularly and produced several recordings which received both Grammy and Emmy award nominations. James Conlon conducted from 2021 to 2022, and Jonathon Heyward also began an appointment as guest conductor in 2022. Additionally, Heyward signed a contract to serve as music director from 2023 to 2028. The BSO performed over 130 concerts in the 2021 to 2022 season, and it offers several community outreach programs. ~ RJ Lambert

David Zinman is an American conductor, well known for his broad repertoire with large emphasis on new music from North America and Europe. His own instrument was the violin, which he studied at Oberlin College Conservatory of Music in Ohio. He took a Masters in composition at the University of Minnesota in 1963. During the same period he attended the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood. French conductor Pierre Monteux noticed him, leading to Zinman's enrolling in Monteux's conducting school in Maine. From 1961 to 1963 Zinman served as Monteux's assistant, and he considers Monteux his primary mentor.

He appeared as a guest conductor at the Nederlands Kammerorkest, after which the organization engaged him as its conductor. He held that position from 1965 to 1977. His success in Holland led one of the country's leading full-size orchestras, the Rotterdam Philharmonic, to invite him to be its music director (1979-82). He also conducted at the Holland Festival. In the meantime he had been music adviser (1972-74) and music director (1974-85) of the Rochester (NY) Philharmonic. In 1983 he became principal guest conductor of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. This association was elevated to the position of music director in 1985.

Zinman has been known for a very broad repertoire and innovative programming. In Baltimore he added a summer music festival, a discovery series of contemporary music, and Saturday morning "Casual Concerts," with commentary by the conductor. His highly acclaimed recordings on such labels as Telarc, Argo, and Sony Classics include music as traditional as the Elgar symphonies and overtures and as unusual as Michael Daugherty's Metropolis Symphony, based on characters and situations from the Superman comic books.

Zinman's many recordings have received numerous awards and distinctions. Most notable is the spectacular popularity of his 1990 recording of Górecki's Third Symphony for Nonesuch, which became one of the most commercially successful classical recordings ever produced. He has also received a Gramophone Award, two Grands Prix du Disque, two Edison Prizes, and five Grammy Awards.

He has helped spark interest in a new school of tonal American symphonic composition that rejected the abstruse, international sound of the 12-tone music that dominated the world of "serious" clasical music from about 1950 to 1980. This more audience-friendly music featured harmonic languages and the driving rhythms characteristic of much American popular music and jazz. Although the music has been criticized fot not being progressive, the presence of these elements thrills many in the established audience, and has helped attract a new one. Composers whose work he has promoted include Christopher Rouse, Michael Torke, Aaron Jay Kernis, and Richard Danielpour.

In 1998 Zinman stepped down from his Baltimore position, but continued as music director and chief conductor of the Zurich Tonhalle Orchestra (since 1995, with his contract extending to 2014). He was also music director of the Aspen Music Festival from 1985 until 2009.